Reviving a Sacred Guide: The Return of the ‘Alalā to Hawaiian Skies
- Thomas Nelson
- December 4, 2024
- Uncategorized
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The Hawaiian crow, or ‘alalā, holds a unique place in Hawaiian culture, ecology, and mythology. Revered as an ‘aumakua—a spiritual guide that aids souls in their journey to the afterlife—the ‘alalā is more than a bird. It’s a guardian, protector, and symbol of the bond between humans and the natural world.
For decades, however, this sacred species has been absent from the skies, its haunting calls silenced by extinction in the wild since 2002. But a groundbreaking conservation effort on the island of Maui is offering new hope for the ‘alalā and the cultural and ecological legacy it embodies.
The Sacred Role of the ‘Alalā
In Hawaiian tradition, ‘aumākua are ancestral spirits that guide and protect families. These spirits, which often take the form of animals, are treated with reverence and care. The ‘alalā, known as the “bird with the big voice,” is one such ‘aumakua, believed to assist souls on their journey to the afterlife. Hawaiians maintained a familial relationship with their ‘aumākua, feeding and protecting them in gratitude for their guidance. The absence of the ‘alalā has not only affected the island’s ecosystem but also left a cultural void, severing a connection to the spiritual traditions of the past.
The plight of the ‘alalā began decades ago, driven by habitat loss, avian malaria, and predation by the ‘io (Hawaiian hawk). By the late 20th century, the bird’s population had dwindled to just a few dozen individuals. Recognizing the urgency, conservationists began collecting eggs in the 1970s to establish a captive breeding program. Despite these efforts, the wild population couldn’t withstand the pressures of disease, invasive predators, and shrinking forest habitats.
Today, more than 100 ‘alalā live in two captive breeding centers operated by the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. However, reintroduction to the wild has proven challenging. Past attempts on Hawaii’s Big Island in the 1990s and late 2010s faced high fatality rates from predation, disease, and malnutrition.
A Fresh Start on Maui
Now, a new chapter is unfolding. Five young ‘alalā, raised and trained in captivity, have been released on the slopes of Haleakalā volcano on Maui, a region free from their primary predator, the ‘io. Conservationists hope this predator-free environment will give the birds a better chance at survival.
Before their release, the birds underwent extensive preparation, including exposure to native food sources and antipredator training. They were taught to recognize threats such as barn owls, feral cats, and even ‘io. Only birds that demonstrated strong survival instincts were chosen for release, ensuring the best possible chances for adaptation.
The released birds—a mix of two females and three males—form a socially vibrant cohort described by researchers as “rambunctious teenagers.” The females, despite being younger, often take the lead in group dynamics, showcasing their adaptability and intelligence.
The ‘alalā is no ordinary bird. Known for its tool use and remarkable vocal range—boasting over 50 distinct calls—it’s among the most intelligent and resourceful corvids in the world. Its omnivorous diet includes fruits, insects, flower petals, and even small animals, making it an essential part of Hawaii’s forest ecosystems.
The release of the ‘alalā was marked by a traditional Hawaiian blessing, emphasizing the species’ role as hulu kūpuna, or honored elders. This spiritual acknowledgment underscores the deep cultural ties between the bird and the Hawaiian people.
Post-release, the birds will be closely monitored using tracking harnesses. Food will be provided initially to ease their transition into the wild. For conservationists, success isn’t defined by immediate breeding but by survival and adaptation. By observing how these birds navigate their new environment, researchers hope to refine strategies for future releases.
A Glimmer of Hope
The return of the ‘alalā to Maui represents a significant step forward in a decades-long effort to save this iconic species. It’s a testament to the resilience of both the birds and the conservationists dedicated to their survival. More than that, it’s a restoration of a spiritual and ecological connection that has been missing for too long.
As the ‘alalā takes to the skies once more, it carries with it the hopes of a people, a culture, and a world striving to right the wrongs of the past. For Hawaiians, the return of their ‘aumakua is more than a conservation victory—it’s a renewal of the sacred bond between humanity and nature.
